The emergence of the concept of the microbiome, together with the development of molecular - based tech­niques, particularly polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene, has dramatically increased the detection of microorganisms

Ascending bacteriaL infection is impLicated in about 40-50% of preterm births. The human vaginaL mi-crobiota in most women is dominated by LactobaciLLi. In women whose vaginaL microbiota is not LactobaciLLi-dominated anti-bacteriaL defence mechanisms are reduced. The

The article provides information on the current oral contraceptives used by women not only for the purpose of protection from unwanted pregnancy as well as prevention and treatment of a number of gynecological diseases. Provides data about the effectiveness of combined oral

The guidelines "Pain and pain control with medical abortion" include information about the physiological role of pain, types and its localization in medical termination of pregnancy, data from clinical trials about the needs and the choice of anesthetics and methods of pain

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is commonly used to treat a range of conditions characterised by estrogen deficiency. HRT can effectively reduce the symptoms of estrogen deficiency, treat urogenital atrophy successfully, prevent osteoporosis. In medical practice estrogens

Objective. The article covers recent data about fibroids origin and pathogenesis, which are the most common gynecologic tumors, occurring in 70% of women over 30 years of age. The efficacy of different surgical strategies is discussed. Although treatment of fibroids relies

When dysbiotic conditions of the urogenital tract, especially in bacterial vaginosis, for the normalization of the biota can be used as a means of exerting direct antimicrobial effect (chLorhexidine, ascorbic and Lactic acids, etc.), and bacterial correctors of the mucosal