Complications and lactation problems associated with nipple modification

• Olesya N. Kozarenko
• Arina A. Zherdeva

Abstract

The aim of the study was to investigate complications of nipple piercing, methods of treatment of these complications, as well as to evaluate the effect of piercing on breastfeeding.

The objectives of the study were to determine the frequency and nature of complications of nipple piercing; to study risk factors for complications of nipple piercing, such as piercing material and care; to assess the impact of complications of nipple piercing during breastfeeding; to develop recommendations for the care of nipple piercing.

Nipple piercing has become a popular modification of the body, but it is associated with a number of potential complications, including infections, bleeding, scarring, allergic reactions, structural damage to nipple tissue, and in rare cases, the formation of malignant processes at the puncture sites. There are also problems associated with piercing during pregnancy and lactation. Nipple piercings can interfere with breastfeeding by suppressing the milk secretion reflex, increasing nipple sensitivity and causing discomfort to the baby. Piercing removal during pregnancy can lead to bacteria entering the punctured tract, but maintaining the piercing can interfere with lactation.

This study aims to investigate complications associated with nipple piercings and the impact of piercing on breastfeeding ability. The study is intended to provide information for individuals considering nipple piercings and for healthcare professionals caring for patients with nipple piercings.

Conclusion. Nipple piercings can lead to various complications, including infection, scarring, rejection, and problems with breastfeeding. The risk of complications can be reduced by choosing an experienced and qualified piercer, taking good care of the piercing, and seeking prompt medical attention.

In the case of pregnancy and lactation, the potential risks of nipple piercing must be considered. It is recommended to remove nipple piercings before conception or breastfeeding to avoid complications. If the piercing is left in place, it is important to carefully monitor the piercing site and consult a doctor if any problems occur.

Studies have shown that nipple piercings can affect a woman’s ability to breastfeed. However, with proper piercing care and with the support of specialists, most women can successfully breastfeed.

Keywords: piercing, nipple piercing, nipple, complications, breastfeeding, allergic reactions, infection, contraindications

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