Clinical and anamnestic risk factors for late premature spontaneous labor
AbstractBackground. Newborns at 340–366 weeks gestation, despite the similarity of anthropometric and clinical data with children born on time, are at high risk of complications compared with the latter. However, the contribution of risk factors for late premature birth remains quite controversial.
Aim of the study – to identify clinical and anamnestic risk factors for late premature spontaneous labor.
Material and methods. The study included 250 women who were admitted to the maternity ward No. 1 of the City Clinical Hospital named after A.K. Eramishantsev, for delivery. Depending on the time of delivery, the patients were randomized into two groups. Group 1 included 125 women with late premature spontaneous labor (LPSL), group 2 – 125 women with delivery on time. The data were obtained by copying from the birth histories and exchange cards of patients. The statistical analysis was performed in the Jamovi (v. 1.2.27) and StatTech (v. 4.1.7).
Results. It was found that the risk factors for LPSL are diverse, but the most important of them are considered to be premature birth (p<0.001) and premature rupture of the membranes (p<0.001) in the anamnesis, cervical ruptures in previous births (p=0.006), uterine fibroids (p=0.04), endometrial polyps (p=0.01) and cervical canal (p=0.01) in anamnesis, iron deficiency anemia (p<0.001), diseases of the circulatory system (p=0.01), thyroid gland (p=0.003) and visual organs (p=0.01), overweight or obesity (p=0.03) and connective tissue dysplasia (p=0.003). Also, the most significant risk factors for LPSL were gestational hypertension (p<0.001), urinary tract infections (p=0.002), asymptomatic bacteriuria (p<0.001), bacterial vaginosis (p=0.003) and recurrent dysbiosis (p=0.021) during pregnancy, later achievement of normocenosis (p=0.015) and lack of treatment for dysbiosis (p=0.002) during pregnancy, subclinical chorioamnionitis (p<0.001) and isthmic-cervical insufficiency (p<0.001).
Conclusion. Since consensus has not been reached to date in determining the risk of late premature birth, research on risk factors is one of the promising areas of modern medicine.
Keywords: preterm birth; late premature spontaneous labor; risk factors; prematurity
Funding. The study had no sponsor support.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Contribution. Checking and editing the text, approving the text for publication – Apresyan S.V.; searching and reviewing publications on the topic of the article, writing the text, editing the text of the article in accordance with the requirements – Zyukina Z.V.; statistical data processing – Loginova E.V.; searching for publications on the topic of the article – Kushkhatueva L.B.
For citation: Apresyan S.V., Zyukina Z.V., Loginova E.V., Kushkhatueva L.B. Clinical and anamnestic risk factors for late premature spontaneous labor. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training]. 2025; 13. Supplement: 22–9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2303-9698-2025-13-suppl-22-29 (in Russian)
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