Vitamin D during pregnancy: association with maternal weight and gestational weight gain

• Vita N. Pokusaeva
• Yana E. Gibadullina
• Ekaterina A. Troshina

Abstract

The aim of the study was to assess the association between blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and pre-pregnancy body weight and gestational weight gain, taking into account gestation period, age, and parity.

Material and methods. Single-center non-interventional study included 437 pregnant women in Smolensk.

Results. According to the study results, the vitamin D supplementation in pregnant women in Smolensk is extremely low: only 2.3% of patients achieved the optimal level of calcidiol in the blood, while the deficiency of this micronutrient was detected in the majority of pregnant women (84.0%). Higher values of pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) were associated with a decrease in blood calcidiol concentration in pregnant women (β=-0.211, 95% CI from -0.382 to -0.041, p=0.015). A decrease in the concentration of vitamin D was revealed during pregnancy (β=-0.208, 95% CI from -0.296 to -0.12, p<0.001). Vitamin D levels during pregnancy were higher among older women (β=0.272, 95% CI 0.122–0.422, p<0.001). When comparing the concentration of 25(OH)D in the blood of pregnant women by seasons of the year we found statistically significant differences (χ²₍₃₎=43.2, p<0.001) with the maximum value in summer and the minimum in spring. No relationship was found between the 25(OH)D blood concentration and gestational weight gain in in vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency.

Conclusion. Pregnant women in the city of Smolensk have a high prevalence of low vitamin D status, which is more pronounced in patients with excess body weight and obesity. This justifies the need for the most effective corrective measures to replenish vitamin D deficiency in the shortest possible time at the pregravid preparation stage. To clarify the relationship between hypovitaminosis D and pathological weight gain, further intervention studies and/or inclusion of a larger number of women with optimal vitamin D levels are needed in the future.

Keywords: vitamin D; pregnancy; body weight; gestational weight gain

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