Genetic markers of obesity and related reproductive complications: current state of problem

• Yulia S. Artemenko
• Marina B. Khamoshina
• Mekan R. Orazov
• Irina A. Mullina
• Madina M. Azova

Abstract

Obesity is defined as a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue in the body. Currently, more than 1.9 billion people are obese or overweight, which leads to the development of comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, some forms of cancer, dyslipidemia, and the development of severe complications, including obstetric and reproductive. Numerous genes are known that are responsible for maintaining a balance between food intake and energy expenditure. This review presents the most studied genetic markers of obesity, namely leptin and leptin receptors (LEP/LEPR), proopiomelanocortin (POMK), melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 (MC3R, MC4R), ghrelin and ghrelin receptors (GHRL/GHSR), and the relationship between the genetics of obesity and impaired sexual development in women, ovarian dysfunction, female infertility, abnormal uterine bleeding, gender characteristics and up-to-date oncological diseases was analyzed. The possibilities of medical genetics in the future will make it possible to predict the risks of developing obstetric and gynecological diseases in obese patients and to prevent them in a timely manner, thanks to a personalized approach to each woman.

Keywords:obesity; reproductive health; gene polymorphism; leptin; molecular genetic markers

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