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1 . 2021

Fetal enzymatic activity and vaginal microbiota in preterm birth

Abstract

Introduction. Despite the numerous studies, the problem of preterm birth remains relevant. There are a lot of researches dedicated to the glycan-binding protein, the analysis of the complex relationship between the vaginal microbiota against the background of pregnancy and preterm labor. However, we have not seen any work on the effect of vaginal microbiome changes during pregnancy on the fetal enzymatic potential.

The aim of the study is to determine the effect of the vaginal microbiome in women with preterm and term birth on secretory and enzymatic activity in the fetus.

Methods. A prospective study of 36 women with term pregnancy (group 1), and 35 women with preterm labor (group 2) was conducted. The newborns status has also been studied. The I group was neonates born on time (n=36), and the II group was preterm neonates (n=40). The rate of extragenital and gynecological pathology in women has been studied. The activity of hydrolytic enzymes was determined in the blood of women and newborns from the umbilical cord blood.

Results. Women with preterm labor (group 2) more likely to suffer from gastro-intestinal tract diseases (p=0.005) and urinary tract infections (p=0.003). The most common gynaecological pathology were bacterial vaginosis (p=0.000) and sexually transmitted infections (p=0.039). Bacterial vaginosis was more common in the group of women with preterm labor during pregnancy (p=0.001). Gardnerella vaginae (p=0.024) and Atopobium vaginae (p=0.001) were statistically more commonly detected in women with preterm labor, which affected the frequency of lacto bacteria in the vagina. The L. crispatus strain inhibits the growth of pathogens and thus promotes prolongation of pregnancy, which was registered in 80.56% of women in group 1, and in 51.43% of women in group 2 (p=0.009). Comparison of concentration of gastrointestinal (GI) enzymes in puerperas of both groups showed a significant difference only in the level of alkaline phosphatase, p=0.000, as well as correlation between levels of alkaline phosphatase and pepsinogen 2 (R=-0.375) in group 2 of puerperas. There was also a correlation between levels of pepsinogen 2 and alkaline phosphatase (R=-0.516) between postpartum women with preterm birth and preterm newborns. The predominant isolation of Atopobium vaginae and Gardnerella vaginae in puerperas of group 2 correlates with a reduced level of alkaline phosphatase in this group (R=0.372) and an increased level of pepsinogen 2 in newborns of group II (R=0.415).

Conclusion. Between vaginal microbiota, which manifests itself in form of dysbiosis, there is a connection, confirmed by the correlation coefficients, with hydrolases in both parturient women with preterm labor and preterm infants. Indicators of hydrolases of newborns depend on neonatal GI microbiota, as well as postpartum vaginal microbiota.

Keywords:pregnancy, premature birth, hydrolases, vaginal microbiota

Funding. The authors received no financial support.

Conflict of interests. The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Contribution. Concept, design and research methodology, data analysis and interpretation, approval of the final version of the article - Andreeva M.D.; statistical analysis, text preparation and editing - Agajan R.A.

For citation: Andreeva M.D.; Agajan R.A. Fetal enzymatic activity and vaginal microbiota in preterm birth. Akusherstvo i ginekologiya: novosti, mneniya, obuchenie [Obstetrics and Gynecology: News, Opinions, Training]. 2021; 9 (1): 25-30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33029/2303-9698-2021-9-1-25-30 (in Russian)

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CHIEF EDITORS
CHIEF EDITOR
Sukhikh Gennadii Tikhonovich
Academician of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, V.I. Kulakov Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology National Medical Research Center of Ministry of Healthсаre of the Russian Federation, Moscow
CHIEF EDITOR
Kurtser Mark Arkadievich
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Obstetrics and Gynecology Subdepartment of the Pediatric Department, N.I. Pirogov Russian National Scientific Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation
CHIEF EDITOR
Radzinsky Viktor Evseevich
Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, MD, Professor, Head of the Subdepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology with a Course of Perinatology of the Medical Department in the Russian People?s Friendship University

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