Etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases in a level III maternity hospital

• Valery V. Chubarov
• Olga D. Goncharuk
• Alexey B. Gordeev
• Elena L. Isaeva
• Darya M. Serdyukova
• Alexey V. Skorobogatiy
• Nikita V. Krivonosov
• Andrey Е.Donnikov

Abstract

Background. Pregnant women are at the highest risk of developing complications from influenza and other ARI. During pregnancy, women are extremely vulnerable and susceptible to respiratory viral infections, influenza, and bacterial complications.

Aim of research - to analyze the etiological structure of acute respiratory diseases and influenza in patients and employees of the National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology named after Academician V.I. Kulakov of Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation using the cultural method and PCR diagnostics.

Material and methods. Primary screening of patients and staff of the Center, as well as standard and special methods of laboratory examination were performed. Special methods included PCR diagnostics and cultural examination of the nasal and pharyngeal mucosa. During the cultural study, the biomaterial was seeded on a number of selective and non-selective nutrient media. Identification was performed using matrix-activated laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS). Diagnostic test systems "ORZ viruscomplex" and "Grippcomplex" ("DNA-Technology", Russia) were used for PCR-analysis.

Results. Cultural method was used to study 316 samples of biological material obtained from 89 patients, and 65 strains of opportunistic microorganisms (UPM) were isolated, belonging to seven species: Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PCR was used to detect rhinovirus in 12 patients, influenza B virus was detected in 5 patients, coronavirus E229 was also detected in 5 patients, influenza A virus was detected in 4 patients, respiratory syncytial virus, adenovirus and metapneumovirus (2 patients each), parainfluenza type 1 and type 3 viruses (1 patient each) were detected less frequently. Parainfluenza viruses 2 and 4, as well as epidemiologically significant coronaviruses OS43, HKU1, NL63 were not detected.

Conclusion. Among the examined adult patients with signs of ARI, colonization of the mucous membranes with bacteria is less common than with viruses. The main types of opportunistic pathogens that occur in ARI were Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Moraxella catarrhalis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumonia, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Among the viral pathogens in the study, rhinoviruses were the most common cause of ARI. Influenza A and B were found in equal shares. Studies on the structure of acute respiratory infections and influenza among patients in maternity hospitals need to be continued.

Keywords:influenza, ARI, obstetrics, PCR, cultural method, pregnant

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