Infant health programming - the role of maternal microbiome

• Zulfiya S. Khodzhaeva
• Gorina Ksenia A.
• Timoshina Irina V.
• Tatyana V. Priputnevich

Abstract

Background. During the past decade, the microbiome has emerged as a major contributor to human health. The human microbiota is a composite organism, composed of 10 trillion to 100 trillion microbial cells (bacteria, archaea, and microbial eukaryotes) and viruses, the genomic catalog of this super organism, the microbiome, is composed of ~3.3 million nonredundant genes.

Aim - to review state of art the influence of maternal microbiome on postnatal quality of newborn health.

Material and methods. The search and analysis of the world Literature devoted to the study of the influence of different biotopes of microbiota and microbiome in the context of obstetrics, peri- and neonatology were made. The review includes scientific publications over the past 10 years by foreign and domestic authors found in the Pubmed database and other available search platforms: Cochrane, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Google Scholar.

Results. The development of the gut microbiome of a newborn is influenced not only by the mode of delivery, whether it is vaginal or cesarean, but also by a number of other factors, such as the duration of pregnancy, exposure to antibacterial drugs, nutrition and genetic predisposition. The factors secreted by microorganisms in the composition of the microbiota meconium of the newborn, are involved in the early development of the immune and nervous system, metabolic programming and susceptibility to various diseases postnatally.

Conclusions. Further studies needed to identify the impact of different maternal microbiome's biotopes on the health of high-risk pregnant women's newborns.

Keywords:gut microbiota, microbiome, pregnancy complications, brain development, perinatal programming, brain-gut-microbiota axis

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