Is gestational diabetes mellitus another mask of metabolic syndrome?

• Papysheva Olga V.
• Kotaysh Galina A.
• Lukanovskaya Olga B.
• Gayane A. Arakelyan
• Irina V. Savenkova
• Nataliia G. Zhilinkova
• Snezhana V. Volkova

Abstract

The obesity pandemic triggered a dramatic increase in the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and changed its profile, increasing the proportion of those suffering from pregestational obesity at least twice.

The aim of the study was to study the importance of obesity and insulin resistance for the formation of GDM in modern conditions

Material and methods. There were surveyed 219 pregnant women with GDM and 33 pregnant women without carbohydrate metabolism abnormalities. These women gave birth in the maternity department of the City Clinical Hospital # 29 named after N.E. Bauman at gestation term in 2017-2018.

Results. There are among pregnant women with GDM: a) the incidence of obesity was 42.9%; b) the incidence of obesity in relatives of the first and second line is 1.7 times higher than in healthy normal pregnant women; с) preeclampsia was observed 3.2 times more often; d) the average level of plasma triglycerides was 1.5 times higher than in healthy normal pregnant women.

A significant factor determining fetal weight in GDM is the level of gestational weight gain in the first trimester. Mothers who gave birth to large children to 12 weeks of pregnancy gained weight 3.0 (2.0; 5.0) kg, while those who gave birth to normal weight - 2.0 (1.0; 4.0) kg.

Conclusion. GDM in the context of an obesity pandemic should be considered as a special form of metabolic syndrome.

Keywords:obesity, metabolic syndrome, gestational diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, fetal macrosomy

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