Cervical screening problems

• Eketerina V. Loginova
• Vitaliy N. Kretsy
• Anastasiya N. Akhmatova
• Pogasov Aleksandr G.

Abstract

Human papillomavirus high-risk oncogenic types (HPVhr) continuous persistence is known to be the main etiological cause in the cervical cancer (CC) progression. Two major approaches for cervical cancer prevention include: HPV vaccination and screening for precancerous lesions. HPV vaccination as a preventive strategy should target women before their sexual activity onset. Recent studies have shown a single dose vaccine efficacy for HPVhr preventing. Even with the advent of effective vaccines, screening remains a primary option in cervical cancer prevention workflow for several decades.

Currently conventional cytology (Pap-smear) is still the main method in the early diagnosis and prevention of cervical cancer. Modern screening technologies based on liquid cytology and molecular HPV detection provide relevant clinical information and supposed to be the best choice in high-income countries. In low-income countries, the main CC screening method is the visual cervical inspection, followed by the 3% acetic acid application. A reasonable combination of HPV vaccination with screening workflow provides the enormous capability to eliminate cervical cancer in the foreseeable future.

Keywords:cervical cancer, HPV vaccination, screening, FIGO Cancer Repost

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