Gestational diabetes mellitus: current state of the problem

• Alexandra A. Epishkina-Minina
• Marina B. Khamoshina
• Vasiliy M. Grabovskiy
• Nadezhda M. Startseva
• Papysheva Olga V.
• Igor N. Kostin

Abstract

Aim - systematize data on the problems of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) early diagnosing available in the scientific literature.

Material and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles on this topic over the past 10 years in the study of gestational diabetes found in PubMed, Medline and Scopus, as well as data from the XXII world Congress FIGO on obstetrics and gynecology (14-19 October 2018, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil).

Results. The main modern data on the problem of GDM, its complications, peculiarities of delivery as well as perinatal and long-term outcomes for mother and child are presented. Currently, the prevalence of GDM is increasing because of the absence of global verification standards. Risk underestimation and associated metabolic disorders inadequate diagnosis take place, which lead to late diagnosing and development of severe obstetric complications and worsen perinatal outcomes. Effective GDM individual risk markers identification, modification of routine algorithms for the pregnant women and women in labor management and prevention of complications in mother and child is promising in this area.

Conclusion. Further research for prediction and early GDM diagnosing, search and implementation of effective GDM and related complications risk markers development, women at risk and pregnant women with GDM care standardization in order to improve perinatal and long-term outcomes for both the mother and the child is needed in the area.

Keywords:gestational diabetes mellitus, obesity, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, metabolic syndrome, perinatal outcomes

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