Endometrial or ovarian cancer?

• Zhordania K.I.
• Julia G. Pajanidi
• M.V. Savostikova
• N.N. Gokadze
• Kaliniheva E.V.
• V.N. Dmitriev

Abstract

Objective of the study to examine the material obtained from the uterine cavity of patients diagnosed with ovarian cancer of different morphological types, which enables to identify the factors indicating the potential role of some hyperplastic processes of the endometrium in the development of ovarian cancer and the possibility of their use in the diagnosis of malignant ovarian tumors.

Material and methods. 100 cytological and 296 immunocytochemical studies of uterine lavages samples obtained from uterine cavity of 43 patients with ovarian cancer of different histological type of tumor were performed. All those patients underwent treatment in the Federal State Budgetary Institution «N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center» of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation in the period from 2013 to 2016. The control group included 26 practically healthy volunteers. Liquid-based cytospin monolayer preparations of the «Cytospin» system were made for the cytology tests of the collected material and for performing of immunocytochemical reactions. Immunocytochemical analyses were conducted using monoclonal antibodies against antigens: p53, CA125, WT1, Ki-67.

Results. Immunocytochemical analysis of the sample material obtained from uterine cavity of patients with a clinical diagnosis of ovarian cancer detected the co-expression of protein p53, WT1, CA125, Ki-67 in cells in 86% of observations. When using a traditional cytological diagnostic method combined with immunocytochemical technique the cells of ovarian carcinoma were identified in the uterine cavity in 88% of observations.

Conclusion. Our findings testify that immunocytological analysis, based on the expression of molecular genetic markers of the cells, obtained from lavage of the uterine cavity provides a high enough efficiency in ovarian cancer diagnosis. It will allow to acknowledge the fact, that a considerably greater part of so called «ovarian cancer» than previously recognized, are in fact metastatic tumors with the localization of primary tumor in the uterus.

Keywords:ovarian cancer, endometrial epithelial carcinoma, atypical endometrial hyperplasia, metaplasia, inflammation, tubal regurgitation, p53, WT1, Ki-67, CA125

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